Amongst more than 1500 settlements consisting of small towns and cities discovered along the alluvial plain of Sindhu River Valley, the most noted areas of civilizations are at Harappa in Punjab, Mohen-jo-daro in Sindh and Dholavira in Kutch. These are dated around 5000 B.C.
Mohen-jo-daro located on the west bank of Sindhu River near Larkana,
derives it's name from Sindhi "Mooan-jo-daro" the 'Mound of the Dead'. Here
settlements built on high plains were found to be made of baked mud-brick. Many
large buildings found in the excavations were used as granaries for storage
of abundant agricultural wealth.
All
major housing blocks had one or more private wells. Drains were used to remove
rain or waste water into a central drainage system. Importantly enough all drains
are found covered. Streets ran on a north-south and east-west grid.
The
most famous is the Great Bath a large water tight structure made
of tightly fitting bricks that may have served as a public pool or ritual bathing
area. The knowledge and civic sense in town planning employed by the Sindhu
civilization represent characteristics of a highly advanced ancient society.
While several archaeological findings in other parts of world emphasize lavish palaces, kings, gods, tombs and temples; the civilization of Sidhu at Mohen-jo-daro exhibits a distinct republic structure free from evils of greed, slavery and oppressive excesses of other contemporary ancient civilizations of the world.
Evidence
of the Sindhu River Valley script has been found in the form of writings on
wide variety of objects including seals, molded clay, pottery, tools, utensils
and copper tablets . No link has been found between Sindhu Valley script
and Mesopotamian or Egyptian writings. The closest link if any may be with ancestral
Dravidian language spoken in Southern India.
The absence of large cemeteries or any royal burial monuments suggests that dead were not buried; most probably cremated at the bank of Sindhu. This practice is strikingly similar to the present day Vedic custom of cremation of the dead along bank of Ganga River in North India.
From all indications here was a great prosperous town on the bank of a major river with robust agriculture and advanced society yet no arms or weapons were found. Apparently it must have enjoyed peaceful, cultured and secured living through its own law, order and justice. Earlier theories advanced by western scholars tried to suggest that Sindh was sacked by "Aryans". Now however the detailed studies support the fact that Sindhu Civilization itself was "Aryan" which traveled to far west and later to plains of Ganga.
Some
of the techniques used by Sindhu Valley Civilization have continued to be used
by present day craftsmen in both India and Pakistan. Potters in North India
and Pakistan still use same methods of manufacture of pottery. 
The
bead makers of Khambhat ( Gujrat-India ) and Peshawar ( Pakistan ) use many
of the same shaping and drilling techniques in manufacture of beaded ornaments.
An important sense of historical continuity exists among the past and present
day Sindhu River Valley Civilizations.
Indeed the ruins of Mohen-jo-Daro are the most eloquent testimony of the
glory of ancient Sindh. For Sindhis of the world it is the most precious
place and source of pride on this planet earth.